From then until today, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of off-the-shelf processors became the norm. Vector computers remained the dominant design into the 1990s. A notable example is the highly successful Cray-1 of 1976.
In the 1970s, vector processors operating on large arrays of data came to dominate. Through the decade, increasing amounts of parallelism were added, with one to four processors being typical. The first such machines were highly tuned conventional designs that ran more quickly than their more general-purpose contemporaries. Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, and for several decades the fastest were made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram. They have been essential in the field of cryptanalysis. Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion). Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers.
Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (10 11) to tens of teraFLOPS (10 13). Since 2017, there have existed supercomputers which can perform over 10 17 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS or 100 PFLOPS). The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second ( FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Computing power of the top 1 supercomputer each year, measured in FLOPSĪ supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.
0 kommentar(er)
